José de Ribera, known as "El Españoleto," was a prominent Spanish painter of the 17th century. Born in Játiva, in the Valencian Community, in 1591, he is considered one of the main exponents of tenebrism, an artistic style characterized by the dramatic use of light and shadow. Ribera studied in Valencia and later moved to Italy, where he spent much of his career. He settled in Naples, where he became one of the most influential painters of the time. His style is characterized by portraying realistic and expressive figures, often focusing on subjects related to mythology, religion, and biblical themes. El Españoleto was known for his technical mastery and his ability to represent human anatomy in a precise and detailed manner. His paintings reflect a raw realism and emotional intensity that evoke a sense of drama and mystery. He is also attributed with Caravaggesque influences in his work, evident in his use of chiaroscuro and in his scenes charged with dramatic lighting. Ribera had a prolific and successful career, and his work was highly valued in his time. His paintings were found in royal collections and renowned churches. His artistic legacy continues to be appreciated to this day, and some of his most famous works include "Martyrdom of Saint Philip" and "The Penitent Magdalene."
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