Saint Catherine of Alexandria was painted by Caravaggio in Rome shortly before the year 1600. With this work Caravaggio enlarged the size of his canvases and changed his style. The figures are highlighted monumentally through bright lights from the side that sharply mark shaded areas and brightly lit ones. In doing so, the characters appear silhouetted over the background and are almost three-dimensional, and the objects seem to acquire the tactile texture of the materials they are made of (metals, fabrics, wood, leaves).
The refined elegance of the colors and clothes might seem strange to you considering the painting's subject of martyrdom, which is alluded to in the forefront with the palm, the wheel, and the sword. Although most scholars presently cast doubt on the historical accuracy of the story, Catherine of Alexandria was one of the saints that was most often painted. Considering how she was a princess, and therefore a model noblewoman, she is depicted as a richly dressed girl, often with a crown. Her martyrdom was a rather complex affair, as you can see by the two instruments of torture: the toothed wheel and the sword. In fact, Catherine was at first tied to a wheel with hooks, but this terrible instrument of torture was miraculously broken, as Caravaggio shows us in the painting. So the saint was more summarily beheaded, and we can see the bloody sword in the painting.
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